1. 安装
以 Debian 12 为例
apt install podman
root@debian:~# podman version
Client: Podman Engine
Version: 4.3.1
API Version: 4.3.1
Go Version: go1.19.8
Built: Thu Jan 1 08:00:00 1970
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
2. 基础命令
运行示例容器
# 以基础的 httpd 服务为例
podman run --name nginx-test -d -p 8080:80/tcp docker.io/nginx注：该命令下容器以分离模式运行（-d），Podman 会在运行结束后打印容器ID
列出正在运行的容器
podman ps
# 列出所有容器
podman ps -a检查运行中的容器
podman inspect <container>注：由于容器以 rootless 模式运行，因此不会分配 IP 地址，inspect 信息中该项的值为 none
测试 httpd 服务
root@debian:~# curl http://localhost:8080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
查看容器日志
podman logs -f <container_id>root@debian:~# podman logs nginx-test
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Sourcing /docker-entrypoint.d/15-local-resolvers.envsh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.29.4
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 14.2.0 (Debian 14.2.0-19)
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 6.1.0-41-amd64
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 24
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 25
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 26
2026/01/14 14:05:20 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 27
10.88.0.1 - - [14/Jan/2026:14:05:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 615 "-" "curl/7.88.1" "-"
查看容器信息和进程
root@debian:~# podman top nginx-test
USER PID PPID %CPU ELAPSED TTY TIME COMMAND
root 1 0 0.000 2m26.588290297s ? 0s nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
nginx 24 1 0.000 2m26.588345391s ? 0s nginx: worker process
nginx 25 1 0.000 2m26.588369296s ? 0s nginx: worker process
nginx 26 1 0.000 2m26.588388167s ? 0s nginx: worker process
nginx 27 1 0.000 2m26.588406535s ? 0s nginx: worker process
检查容器
对容器进行检查点操作会停止容器运行，并将容器内所有进程的状态写入磁盘，在有需要的时候可以恢复，并从检查点创建时的状态继续运行（此功能需要系统上安装 CRIU 3.11 或更高版本，且不支持 rootless）
sudo podman container checkpoint <container_id>恢复容器
创建过检查点的容器才支持快照
sudo podman container restore <container_id>迁移容器
创建检查点 ---> 将对应文件传输至目标主机 ---> 目标主机恢复容器
# 原主机
sudo podman container checkpoint <container_id> -e /tmp/checkpoint.tar.gz
scp /tmp/checkpoint.tar.gz <destination_host>:/tmp
# 目标主机
sudo podman container restore -i /tmp/checkpoint.tar.gz
停止容器
podman stop <container_id>移除容器
podman rm <container_id>
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